Orthodoxy, often referred to as Eastern Orthodoxy, is one of the three main branches of Christianity, alongside Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. It traces its origins directly to the early Church established by the apostles, maintaining a continuous tradition that has been preserved through centuries of theological reflection, liturgical worship, and spiritual practice. Today, the Orthodox Church includes several autocephalous (self-governing) churches, such as the Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, Serbian Orthodox, and others, united in doctrine and sacramental life.
At the heart of Orthodoxy is the belief that it faithfully upholds the teachings and practices of the early Christian Church. This commitment is expressed through Holy Tradition, which encompasses Scripture, the writings of the Church Fathers, ecumenical councils, liturgy, icons, and the lives of the saints. Unlike some Christian traditions that prioritize Scripture alone, introduction to Orthodoxy that sees Holy Tradition as the living faith of the Church, guided by the Holy Spirit.
Worship in the Orthodox Church is deeply reverent, symbolic, and sensory. The Divine Liturgy, the central act of worship, is a rich and ancient form of Eucharistic celebration. It incorporates hymns, incense, icons, and elaborate rituals that engage the body and soul. Orthodox Christians believe that in the Liturgy, heaven and earth meet, and participants are mystically united with Christ through the sacraments, especially the Eucharist.
Orthodox theology emphasizes the mystery and transcendence of God while also affirming His closeness and love. The doctrine of the Trinity—Father, Son, and Holy Spirit—is central. Salvation is understood not just as forgiveness of sins, but as the process of theosis, or deification: becoming partakers in the divine nature and growing in union with God. This transformation involves both faith and active participation in the sacramental and ascetic life of the Church.
Icons, or sacred images, are another distinctive feature of Orthodoxy. They are not merely decorative but are considered windows into the divine, inviting contemplation and prayer. Orthodox Christians venerate icons—not as idols—but as a means to honor the prototype, such as Christ, the Virgin Mary, or a saint. The theology of icons reflects the Incarnation, the belief that God became visible in Jesus Christ, and thus can be depicted.
Orthodoxy also places a strong emphasis on community and spiritual discipline. Fasting, prayer, almsgiving, and regular participation in the sacraments are considered essential parts of Christian life. The Church encourages believers to cultivate humility, repentance, and love, following the example of Christ and the saints.
Today, Orthodoxy is practiced by approximately 260 million people worldwide, with significant communities in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and increasingly in Western countries. Despite regional differences, Orthodox Christians remain united by a common faith and a shared vision of life centered in Christ and the Church.
In a world often marked by change and fragmentation, Introduction to Orthodoxy offers a vision of stability, beauty, and deep spiritual life rooted in the ancient faith of the apostles—a tradition that continues to speak to hearts across cultures and generations.